The second part of the intro to Python covering if logic, loops, & functions.

(Part 1 of this series is here)

# Comparison Operators

'''
== equal to (Note: DOUBLE equals sign)
!= not equal to
> greater than
< less than >= greater than or equal to
<= less than or equal to ''' 

# If Elif Else 

x, y = 1, 2 

if (x == y):
     print('Match!')

if (x == y):
     print ('Match')
else:
     print ('No Match') 

x, y = 25, 5 * 5

if x > y:
    print ('X Greater')
elif (x < y):
    print ('Y Greater')
else:
    print ('Equal')

# Loops

# while loops

x = 0

while x < 10:
    print(x)
    x += 1

# Watch out for never ending loops!
# Ctrl+C will 'break' a loop

y = 9

while y:
    print 'Rah!'

# for loop

# For loops are much more useful than while loops (imho)

# Loop over letters in a string
for letter in 'Hello World':
    print('Current letter:', letter)

# Loop over a range
for num in range(0, 10):
    print(num)

# Loop over a list (or tuple)
fruits = ['banana', 'apple', 'orange', 'mango']
for fruit in fruits:
    print('Yum a', fruit)

# Mix in a bit of logic
fruits = ['banana', 'apple', 'orange', 'mango']
for fruit in fruits:
    firstLetter = fruit[0]
    if (firstLetter == 'a' or firstLetter == 'o'):
        print('Yum an', fruit)
    else:
        print('Yum a', fruit)

# Make it bullet proof!
vowels = 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'
fruits = ['banana', 'apple', 'orange', 'mango', 'ugli fruit']
for fruit in fruits:
    firstLetter = fruit[0].lower()
    if (firstLetter in vowels):
        print('Yum an', fruit)
    else:
        print('Yum a', fruit)

# Mix it up
for num in range(10, 20):  # to iterate between 10 to 20
    for i in range(2, num):  # to iterate on the factors of the number
        if num % i == 0:      # to determine the first factor
            j = num / i          # to calculate the second factor
            print('{} equals {} * {}').format(num, i, j)
            break  # to move to the next number, the #first FOR
        else:  # else part of the loop
            print(num, 'is a prime number')

# More loop control

# break
# breaks out of a loop

while x < 10:
    print(x)
    if (x == 5):
        break
    x += 1

# continue
# skips to next iteration of the loop

for letter in 'Hello World':
    if letter.lower() == 'l':
        continue
    print('Current letter:', letter)

# FIZZBUZZ!
# Write a program that counts from 1 - 100
# If the number is divisable by 3 print Fizz
# If the number is divisible by 5 print Buzz
# If the number is divisible by 3 AND 5 print FizzBuzz
# Or just print the number
# (Hint: You'll need to modulous operator %, loops and if elif else)

# Functions (vs. methods)

# functions are reusbale blocks of code
# we've alrady used a few built in functions

print('Print is a function!')

# But we can write (define) our own!

def myFirstFunction():
    print('Hello Reusable Code')

# Nothing happens :(

myFirstFunction()

# Winner!

# Functions take "parameters"

def printProductOfTwoNumbers(x, y):
    print(x * y)

printProductOfTwoNumbers(10, 5)

printProductOfTwoNumbers(1342, 76)

# And functions can return variables

def getProductOfTwoNumbers(x, y):
    return x * y

getProductOfTwoNumbers(10, 5)  # Nothing printed

x = getProductOfTwoNumbers(10, 5)  # That's more like it!

print(x)

# Data inside a function is isolated

total = 0

def sumValues(x, y):
    total = x + y
    print('Total inside the function is', total)
    return total

sumValues(4, 6)

print('Total outside the function is', total)

# Functions can call other functions

def sumAndMultiply(x, y):
    print('Sum of values = ', sumValues(x, y))
    print('Product of values = '. getProductOfTwoNumbers(x, y))
    return

# mind your naming!

'''
def print(string):
    print(string)

print('Hello World')

This would error badly!

'''